What Are Inheritance Taxes? (2024)

Inheritance taxes are taxes that a person needs to pay on money or property they have inherited after the death of a loved one. Here are the basics.

What Are Inheritance Taxes? (1)

Key Takeaways

  • An inheritance tax is levied on the assets from a deceased person's estate that are received by an individual. The person who receives the assets is responsible for paying the tax.
  • The federal government doesn't have an inheritance tax. As of 2023, six states impose an inheritance tax: Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
  • Generally, the value of the inherited assets has to exceed minimum amount before an inheritance tax is due. As a result, only about 2% of taxpayers ever encounter this tax.

What are inheritance taxes?

An inheritance tax is a state tax that you pay when you receive money or property from the estate of a deceased person. Unlike the federal estate tax, the beneficiary of the property is responsible for paying the tax, not the estate. As of 2023, only six states impose an inheritance tax. And even if you live in one of those states, many beneficiaries are exempt from paying it.

Additionally, Iowa passed legislation to phase out its inheritance tax until it is eliminated for deaths on or after January 1, 2025.

How are inheritance taxes different from estate taxes?

The key difference between estate and inheritance taxes lies in who is responsible for paying it.

  • An estate tax is levied on the total value of a deceased person's money and property, less an exclusion amount, and is typically paid out of the decedent’s assets before distribution to beneficiaries.
  • An inheritance tax is levied on the person that receives assets from an estate and is typically based on the amount that is received.

However, before an inheritance tax is due, the value of the assets have to exceed certain thresholds that can change each year. Because of this threshold, only about 2% of taxpayers will ever encounter this tax.

How is inheritance taxed?

If a loved one passed away and left you money or assets in their will, you may be wondering: is inheritance taxable? Whether your inheritance is taxed often depends on your state or the state of the deceased individual.

The amount that you owe on an inheritance can also vary depending on a wide range of factors, such as the:

  • Size of the estate
  • Tax laws in your state
  • Your relationship with the deceased individual

The rate at which your inheritance is taxed is typically only applied to the portion of your inheritance that exceeds your jurisdiction’s exemption threshold. Any inheritance above those thresholds can be subject to inheritance taxes on a sliding scale, with rates typically increasing the more you inherit.

TurboTax Tip:

In most states, spouses are exempt from the tax when they inherit ‌property from another spouse. Children and other dependents may also be exempt from the inheritance tax, though in some cases, only a portion of the inherited property may qualify.

How do inheritance taxes work?

Once the executor of the estate has divided up the assets and distributed them to the beneficiaries, the inheritance tax can come into play. The amount of tax is calculated separately for each individual beneficiary, and the beneficiary has to pay the tax.

  • For example, a state may charge a 5% tax on all inheritances larger than $2 million.
  • Therefore, if your friend leaves you $5 million in their will, you only pay taxes on $3 million, which is $150,000.
  • The state would require you to report this information on an inheritance tax form.

What states have an inheritance tax?

The federal government doesn't have an inheritance tax. The six states that impose an inheritance tax are:

  1. Iowa
  2. Kentucky
  3. Maryland
  4. Nebraska
  5. New Jersey
  6. Pennsylvania

Of course, state laws are subject to change, so if you are receiving an inheritance, check with your state's tax agency. The tax rates on inheritances can range from less than 1% to as high as 20% of the value of property and cash you inherit.

How is inheritance tax calculated?

Because inheritance tax rules vary by state, the rate at which they’re taxed can also vary.

Many states calculate inheritance taxes based on the closeness of the relationship between the beneficiary and the deceased individual. Often, the closer you are to the person who passed away, the higher the likelihood you will be exempt from paying inheritance taxes.

When it comes to calculating inheritance taxes, the tax is often applied to inheritance above a certain amount, with the rate either being flat or graduated on a sliding scale.

Is cash inheritance taxable income?

Cash received as an inheritance isn’t taxable, according to the IRS.

But, if the cash you received later generates further income–for example, if you have it in an interest-bearing account–subsequent earnings may be considered taxable income. Whether it’s taxable hinges on whether those subsequent earnings come from a tax-free source.

If you’re not sure whether the cash inheritance you’ve received is considered as generating further income, a tax professional can help you determine whether it’s exempt.

How can you avoid taxes on inheritance?

In some cases, you may be able to avoid getting taxed on your inheritance. The most common solution for how to avoid inheritance tax is by giving inheritance to those closest in relation to you.

Depending on your relationship to the decedent, you may receive an exemption or reduction in the amount of inheritance tax you must pay.

  • Most states exempt a spouse from the tax when they inheritproperty from another spouse.
  • Children and other dependents may qualify for the same exemption, though in some cases, only a portion of the inherited property may qualify.
  • Generally, the higher rates of tax will be paid by those who inherit property from a decedent with whom they have no familial relationship.

Aside from the relationship between the deceased individual and the beneficiary, there may be other ways taxes on your inheritance can be avoided, including:

  • If you live in a state that imposes inheritance taxes, you can consider moving to a state that doesn’t impose inheritance taxes before the inheritance is given.
  • A loved one can place their assets in an irrevocable trust fund for you (and other beneficiaries) that doesn’t have an official property transfer when they pass, allowing you to avoid inheritance taxes.

Get more tips for how to protect your inheritance from taxes.

With TurboTax Live Full Service, a local expert matched to your unique situation will do your taxes for you start to finish. Or, get unlimited help and advice from tax experts while you do your taxes with TurboTax Live Assisted.

And if you want to file your own taxes, you can still feel confident you'll do them right with TurboTax as we guide you step by step. No matter which way you file, we guarantee 100% accuracy and your maximum refund.

What Are Inheritance Taxes? (2024)

FAQs

What is the most you can inherit without paying taxes? ›

There is no federal inheritance tax. In fact, only six states tax inheritances. There is a federal estate tax, however, which is paid by the estate of the deceased. In 2024, the first $13,610,000 of an estate is exempt from the estate tax.

How are you taxed when you inherit money? ›

In most cases, an inheritance isn't subject to income taxes. The assets a loved one passes on in an investment or bank account aren't considered taxable income, nor is life insurance. However, you could pay income taxes on the assets in pre-tax accounts.

Do you have to report inheritance money to the IRS? ›

Key Takeaways. Inheritances aren't considered income for federal tax purposes, but subsequent earnings on the inherited assets, including interest income and dividends, are taxable (unless it comes from a tax-free source).

How do you avoid inheritance tax? ›

Ways to reduce Inheritance Tax
  1. Leaving your estate to a spouse or civil partner.
  2. Setting up trusts.
  3. Gifts to charity.
  4. Lifetime gifts.
  5. Using life insurance.

Does inheritance count as income? ›

Inheritances are not considered income for federal tax purposes, whether the individual inherits cash, investments or property.

What happens when you inherit money? ›

Many states assess an inheritance tax. That means that you, as the beneficiary, will have to pay taxes when you receive an inheritance. How much you'll be assessed depends on the state you live in, the size of your inheritance, the types of assets included, and your relationship with the deceased.

Do you have to declare inheritance? ›

Your beneficiaries (the people who inherit your estate) do not normally pay tax on things they inherit. They may have related taxes to pay, for example if they get rental income from a house left to them in a will.

Do beneficiaries pay taxes? ›

Beneficiaries of an inheritance in California typically do not have to pay income taxes on the inherited assets. That is because inherited assets are generally not taxable income for individual beneficiaries.

What states have no inheritance tax? ›

The states with no state estate tax as of mid-2023, are Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, ...

What inheritance is not taxable? ›

Inheritance taxes typically apply when assets are passed down to you from someone who is not an immediate family member. The deceased's spouse is typically exempt, meaning money and items that go to them aren't subject to inheritance tax. Children of the deceased are also sometimes exempt.

Where to deposit inheritance money? ›

A good place to deposit a large cash inheritance, at least for the short term, would be a federally insured bank or credit union. Your money won't earn much in the way of interest, but as long as you stay under the legal limits, it will be safe until you decide what to do with it.

Does social security count inheritance as income? ›

How the Social Security Administration (SSA) Treats Inheritance. The SSA treats an inheritance as income or an available resource in the first month it has a value and can be used. An inheritance can be proceeds of life insurance, cash, a right to receive something, or noncash items received due to someone's death.

Do I have to show my inheritance on my taxes? ›

If you received a gift or inheritance, do not include it in your income. However, if the gift or inheritance later produces income, you will need to pay tax on that income. Example: You inherit and deposit cash that earns interest income. Include only the interest earned in your gross income, not the inherited cash.

What triggers inheritance tax? ›

An inheritance tax is a state tax that you pay when you receive money or property from the estate of a deceased person. Unlike the federal estate tax, the beneficiary of the property is responsible for paying the tax, not the estate. As of 2023, only six states impose an inheritance tax.

Can both parents give $3,000 each year? ›

You may need to split this amount between your children to effectively use your allowance. Note that this is a per person allowance, so both parents may gift £3,000 each per year. If you don't use your total annual gift allowance, you can carry it over to the following year, although you can only do this once.

How to avoid paying capital gains tax on inherited property? ›

Here are five ways to avoid paying capital gains tax on inherited property.
  1. Sell the inherited property quickly. ...
  2. Make the inherited property your primary residence. ...
  3. Rent the inherited property. ...
  4. Disclaim the inherited property. ...
  5. Deduct selling expenses from capital gains.

What is considered a large inheritance? ›

Inheriting $100,000 or more is often considered sizable. This sum of money is significant, and it's essential to manage it wisely to meet your financial goals. A wealth manager or financial advisor can help you navigate how to approach this.

Do beneficiaries pay federal estate tax? ›

Estate taxes and inheritance taxes are often discussed together, but they are different: Inheritance tax is paid by a beneficiary, while estate tax is paid out of the deceased's estate before any remaining money, property or other assets are distributed.

Do I have to report the sale of inherited property to the IRS? ›

Upon selling an inherited asset, if the inherited property produces a gain, you must report it as income on your federal income tax return as a beneficiary.

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