Should I Move the Money in My 401(k) to Bonds? (2024)

Should I Move the Money in My 401(k) to Bonds? (1)

An employer-sponsored 401(k) plan may be an important part of your financial plan for retirement. Managing those investments wisely means keeping an eye on market movements. When a bear market sets in, you may be tempted to make a flight to safety with bonds or other conservative investments. If you’re asking yourself, “Should I move my 401(k) to bonds?” consider the potential pros and cons of making such a move. Also, consider talking with a financial advisor about what the wisest move would be for your individual portfolio.

Bonds and the Bear Market

Bear markets are characterized by a 20% or more decline in stock prices. There are different factors that can trigger a bear market, but generally, they’re typically preceded by economic uncertainty or a slowdown in economic activity. For example, the most recent sustained bear market lasted from 2007 to 2009 as the U.S. economy experienced a financial crisis and subsequent recession.

During a bear market environment, bonds are typically viewed as safe investments. That’s because when stock prices fall, bond prices tend to rise. When a bear market goes hand in hand with a recession, it’s typical to see bond prices increasing and yields falling just before the recession reaches its deepest point. Bond prices also move in relation to interest rates, so if rates fall as they often do in a recession, then bond prices rise.

While bonds and bond funds are not 100% risk-free investments, they can generally offer more stability to investors during periods of market volatility. Shifting more of a portfolio’s allocation to bonds and cash investments may offer a sense of security for investors who are heavily invested in stocks when a period of extended volatility sets in. That can be a key component of trying to protect your 401(k) from a stock market crash.

Should I Move My 401(k) to Bonds?

Whether it makes sense to move assets in your 401(k) away from mutual funds, target-date funds or exchange-traded funds(ETF) and toward bonds can depend on several factors. Specifically, those include:

  • Years left to retirement (time horizon)
  • Risk tolerance
  • Total 401(k) asset allocation
  • 401(k) balance
  • Where else you’ve invested money
  • How long you expect a stock market downturn to last

There are three things you should consider to help you determine whether you should move your 401(k) to bonds or not.

1. Your Age

First, consider your age. Generally, the younger you are, the more risk you can afford to take with your 401(k) or other investments. That’s because you have a longer window of time to recover from downturns, including bear markets, recessions or even market corrections.

If you’re still in your 20s, 30s or even 40s, a shift toward bonds and away from stocks may be premature. The more time you keep your money in growth investments, such as stocks, the more wealth you may be able to build leading up to retirement. Given that the average bear market since World War II has lasted 14 months, moving assets in your 401(k) to bonds could actually cost you money if stock prices rebound relatively quickly.

On the other hand, if you’re in your 50s or early 60s then you may already have begun the move to bonds in your 401(k). That might be natural as you lean more toward income-producing investments, such as bonds, versus growth-focused ones.

2. Your Portfolio’s Diversification

It’s also important to look at the bigger financial picture in terms of where else you have money invested. Diversification matters for managing risk in your portfolio and before switching to bonds in your 401(k), it’s helpful to review what you’ve invested in your IRA or a taxable brokerage account. You may already have bond holdings elsewhere that could help to balance out any losses triggered by a bear market.

3. Asset Allocation

There are various rules of thumb you can use to determine your ideal asset allocation. The 60/40 rule, for example, dictates having 60% of your portfolio in stocks and 40% dedicated to bonds. Or you may use the rule of 100 or 120 instead, which advocates subtracting your age from 100 or 120. So, if you’re 30 years old and use the rule of 120, you’d keep 90% of your portfolio in stocks and the rest in bonds or other safer investments.

Investing in Bond Funds

Bond mutual funds and bond ETFs could be a more attractive option than traditional bond investments if you’re worried about bear market impacts on your portfolio.With bond ETFs, for example, you can own a collection of bonds in a single basket that trades on an exchange just like a stock.

This could allow you to buy in low during periods of volatility and benefit from price appreciation as you ride the market back up. Sinking money into individual bonds during a bear market or recession, on the other hand, can lock you in when it comes to bond prices and yields.

If you’re weighing individual bonds, remember that they aren’t all alike and the way one bond reacts to a bear market may be different than another. Treasury-Inflation Protected Securities or TIPS, for example, might sound good in a bear market since they offer some protection against inflationary impacts but they may not perform as well as U.S. Treasury bonds. And shorter-term bonds may fare better than long-term bonds.

How to Manage Your 401(k) in a Bear Market

When a bear market sets in, the worst thing you can do is hit the panic button on your 401(k). While it may be disheartening to see your account value decreasing as stock prices drop, that’s not necessarily a reason to overhaul your asset allocation.

Instead, look at which investments are continuing to perform well, if any. And consider how much of a decline you’re seeing in your investments overall. Look closely at how much of your 401(k) you have invested in your own company’s stock, as this could be a potential trouble spot if your company takes a financial hit as the result of a downturn.

Continue making contributions to your 401(k), at least at the minimum level to receive your employer’s full company match. If you can afford to do so, you may also consider increasing your contribution rate. This could allow you to max out your annual contribution limit while purchasing new investments at a discount when the market is down. Rebalance your investments in your 401(k) as needed to stay aligned with your financial goals, risk tolerance and the timeline for retiring.

Bottom Line

Moving 401(k) assets into bonds could make sense if you’re closer to retirement age or you’re generally a more conservative investor overall. However, doing so could potentially cost you growth in your portfolio over time. Talking to your 401(k) plan administrator or your financial advisor can help you decide the best way to weather a bear market or economic slowdown while preserving retirement assets.

Tips for Retirement Planning

  • Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with up to three vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
  • You may want to consider using an investment calculator to help you determine how much your contributions could grow over time.

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Should I Move the Money in My 401(k) to Bonds? (2024)

FAQs

Should I Move the Money in My 401(k) to Bonds? ›

While it's not a satisfying answer, the real answer is that "it depends." The decision of whether to shift your 401(k) to a more conservative asset allocation will depend primarily on your longer-term goals, personal drivers of your risk/return profile and the asset allocation in your other accounts, if applicable.

Should I move all my 401k to bonds? ›

Moving 401(k) assets into bonds could make sense if you're closer to retirement age or you're generally a more conservative investor overall. However, doing so could potentially cost you growth in your portfolio over time.

Where is the safest place to put your 401k during a recession? ›

Income-producing assets like bonds and dividend stocks can be a good option during a recession. Bonds tend to perform well during a recession and pay a fixed income. Similarly, dividend stocks pay regular income regardless of how the stock market is performing.

Should I move all my 401k to the money market? ›

Mistake No.

Money market and stable value funds are fancy words for cash, a low risk, low return investment, and the return from cash usually lags behind inflation. This means that a 401(k) in these safe investments will probably decline in value over time.

Can I lose my 401k if the market crashes? ›

The odds are the value of your retirement savings may decline if the market crashes. While this doesn't mean you should never invest, you should be patient with the market and make long-term decisions that can withstand time and market fluctuation.

At what age should I add bonds to my 401k? ›

With more than a decade or two of working years left until retirement, it's important to maintain the growth potential of your portfolio through an appropriate allocation to stocks. In your 50s, you may want to consider adding a meaningful allocation to bonds.

What will happen to my 401k if the dollar collapses? ›

If the dollar collapses, your 401(k) would lose a significant amount of value, possibly even becoming worthless. Inflation would result if the dollar collapsed, decreasing the real value of the dollar compared to other global currencies, which in effect would reduce the value of your 401(k).

Should you rebalance your 401k when the market is down? ›

It's important to rebalance your portfolio regularly to make sure it is aligned with your time horizon and risk tolerance. Portfolio rebalancing involves buying or selling investments to a desired percentage allocation in your portfolio.

Should I move my 401k into something more conservative? ›

Shifting to a more conservative allocation in the retirement plan could be prudent. Perhaps you have built up more than enough savings to support your retirement and wish to pass on some of your assets to future generations. Multigenerational goals will require a different outlook.

Where should I put money in my 401k before the market crashes? ›

Bonds, on the other hand, are safer investments but usually produce lesser returns. Having a diversified 401(k) of mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that invest in stocks, bonds and even cash can help protect your retirement savings in the event of an economic downturn.

Can I lose my IRA if the market crashes? ›

A recession could result in a lower IRA balance, but that's not guaranteed to happen. If a recession does negatively impact your IRA, your best bet is to do nothing. It's a good idea to have an emergency fund for surprise expenses that could pop up during a recession, so you can let your IRA recover.

Should I move my 401k to bonds? ›

The broader economic situation and interest rates can greatly impact the decision to move a 401k into bonds. When interest rates are high, newly issued bonds will have higher yields, making them more attractive. However, in a low-interest-rate environment, bonds may not provide the desired returns.

Can I move my 401k to CD without paying taxes? ›

You can rollover your 401(k) account into a CD without any penalties or taxes. But you need to make sure you're rolling over into an IRA CD, specifically. And always ensure to roll over into a like-kind account, whether a traditional or Roth retirement account, or you might get hit with a surprise tax bill.

Should I panic if my 401k is losing money? ›

Don't “panic sell” your investments

Staying invested is usually safer than trying to time the market. Selling is how you realize losses in your account. And whenever the market takes a hit, remember that retirement saving is a long-term strategy.

What percent of retirement portfolio should be in bonds? ›

40-year-old investor: 80 percent stocks, 20 percent bonds. 50-year-old investor: 70 percent stocks, 30 percent bonds. 60-year-old investor: 60 percent stocks, 40 percent bonds. 70-year-old investor: 50 percent stocks, 50 percent bonds.

When should you move money out of 401k? ›

But that can start to fall apart if you use it like a bank account in the years preceding retirement. In general, it's a good idea to avoid tapping any retirement money until you've reached age 59½.

Is my 401k safe in bonds? ›

If all or almost all of your retirement account is in bonds or CDs, it's conservative. The returns on bond or cash-like investments are typically safe but not high, and they may not even outpace inflation, which the Federal Reserve wants at about 2 percent annually, though it's been higher than that recently.

Should I roll all my 401k together? ›

Whether or not you should combine your 401(k) retirement accounts depends on your personal financial situation, investment preferences, and retirement goals. Some of the benefits of combining 401(k) accounts include: Access to a potentially wider range of investment options.

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